Answers, and pictures…
I have worked with lots of graphics programs in the past, including Photoshop, Flash, Fireworks, Poser, Bryce, Carrara, Shade, Corel Painter, GIMP, Paint Tool SAI, and several others I’ve forgotten. Most of these programs give a mix of both bitmap and vector tools (photoshop, flash, GIMP, fireworks). Others, Painter, SAI, are mostly bitmap. The rest, (Poser, Bryce, Carrara, Shade) are not normal graphics programs, being mostly modeling software, and don’t really fall into either of the 2 categories above.
As for noteworthy images…

No. That’s not a photo. Definitely bitmap.
Original found here.

The “blueprint” like drawings in the lower half of the image is what I’m focusing on. Those look like they could be vector images. If they are not, the illustrator was trying to go for a vector look, and I would be all the more impressed.
Original Found Here.
And finally…

Again, a portrait, not a photo of a cat. This is again, squarely in the bitmap category.
Original here.